The relationship between connected devices in a network determines the network’s overall
architecture. The most common architecture types for networks are peer-to-peer, client/
server, and hybrid architectures.
Peer-to-peer architectures are network implementations in which there is no centralized area
of control. Every device on the network must manage its own resources and requirements.
Devices all communicate as equals, and can utilize each other’s resources. Peer-to-peer
networks are usually implemented as LANs because, while simpler to implement, this architecture
creates security and performance issues related to the visibility and accessibility of
each device’s resources to the rest of the network.
Client/server architectures are network implementations in which there is a centralized
device, called the server, in control that manages most of the network’s requirements and
resources. The other devices on the network, called clients, contain fewer resources and
must utilize the server’s resources. The client/server architecture is more complex than the
peer-to-peer architecture and has the single critical point of failure (the server). However,
it is more secure than the peer-to-peer model, since only the server has visibility into other
devices. Client/server architectures are also usually more reliable, since only the server has
to be responsible for providing redundancy for the network’s resources in case of failures.
Client/server architectures also have better performance, since the server device in this type of
network usually needs to be more powerful in order to provide the network’s resources. This
architecture is implemented in either LANs orWANs.
Hybrid architectures are a combination of the peer-to-peer and client/server architecture models.
This architecture is also implemented in both LANs andWANs.
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