Beginning in 2004, the U.S. Congress and president George W. Bush responded to National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requirements and feedback by federal, state, and local program stakeholders by supporting a multiyear, billion dollar program called Map Modernization. Managed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as part of the National Flood Insurance Program, the plan embraced production of new digital flood insurance rate maps (DFIRMs), delivered in an industry-standard GIS format. DFIRMs provide more accurate and up-to-date flood hazard information and enable community officials and citizens to make decisions and manage risks at a local level.